Analysis of the ecological value in the implementation of HMP in environmental compensation processes in Quindío

Abstract

Introduction: Landscape ecology examines the relationship between the structure, function, and dynamics of landscapes, integrating both natural and anthropogenic factors. In the department of Quindío, the rapid transformation of the territory has led to biodiversity loss, making it necessary to assess the ecological value of Landscape Management Tools (LMT) in environmental compensation processes. Objective: To estimate the ecological value derived from the implementation of LMT in environmental compensation processes in the department of Quindío. Methodology: The study was conducted on properties located in several municipalities of Quindío. Phantom 4 RTK drones were used to generate orthomosaics and calculate landscape metrics (Patton’s shape index and compactness). Additionally, an inventory of native plant species was developed, including taxonomic verification and analysis of their ecological value in conservation, restoration, and ecosystem service provision. Results: Forest fragments predominantly exhibited irregular shapes, with high fragility levels in some properties. Plant species classified as ornamental or those providing food resources for wildlife showed higher relevance in restoration and conservation processes. The implementation of LMTs—such as live fences, protective plantations, and vegetation enrichment—enhanced ecological connectivity and supported the recovery of water resources. Conclusions: The use of geospatial technologies such as GIS and drones facilitates the analysis of fragmentation and connectivity at the landscape scale. Native species play a key role in conservation, particularly those with ornamental and nutritional value for wildlife. Strengthening research and restoration initiatives, as well as integrating LMT into regional strategies, is recommended to promote sustainability and carbon capture in the Coffee-Growing Axis.