Resumen
Introducción: La enfermedad de Gaucher tipo 1 (EG1) es una enfermedad genética causada por la deficiencia enzimática de β-glucocerebrosidasa, lo que conduce a la acumulación de esfingolípidos en el organismo. La afectación ósea es frecuente en la EG, provocando dolor, necrosis e incluso fracturas o déficit de crecimiento, con cirugías dolorosas y disminución progresiva de la calidad de vida. Metodología: estudio observacional retrospectivo con 30 pacientes diagnosticados con EG1 del suroccidente colombiano, recopilando datos demográficos, clínicos, paraclínicos y moleculares. Resultados y discusión: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 35 años, el 23% con antecedentes familiares de EG1. El síntoma inicial en el 87% de los pacientes fue visceromegalia y citopenias. El tiempo promedio desde el inicio de los síntomas hasta el diagnóstico fue de 7 años. Los pacientes presentaron enfermedades hematológicas (37%), renales (3%), neurológicas (7%) y óseas (33%). La actividad media de β-glucosidasa fue de 2.33 μmol/hr/ml, y el tiempo promedio entre diagnóstico y tratamiento fue de 1.33 años. Todos los pacientes mostraron actividad enzimática reducida al diagnóstico. El 76.6% recibió terapia específica, incluyendo Terapia de Reemplazo Enzimático (TRE) y Terapia de Reducción de Sustrato (TRS). El análisis genético reveló homocigosis en 4%, heterocigotos compuestos en 52% y heterocigotos simples en 40%. Se identificaron 13 variantes patogénicas, siendo la más frecuente p.Asn409Ser (42%). Conclusión: Este es el primer estudio colombiano que correlaciona variables demográficas, clínicas, paraclínicas y moleculares en pacientes con EG1, proporcionando una base de datos que permite un abordaje multimodal para mejorar el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la EG1 en Colombia, acordándonos a la medicina de precisión
Citas
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